Second-pass ranker for push notifications in a social network

Systems and methods for providing push notifications of social network content items include determining first and second engagement values for first and second content items, respectively, provided by first and second content item sources, respectively, based on previous interactions with content items. First and second utility values are determined based on a mathematical operation applied to the engagement values and selection metrics; one of the content items is chosen as the push content item based on the difference between the utility values.